CAS 2023788-19-2 · MW 4813.5 g/mol · 39 Amino Acids
A synthetic 39-amino acid peptide designed to co-activate both GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptors. Studied for metabolic regulation, appetite suppression, and body composition modulation in preclinical and clinical research settings.
GIP / GLP-1 Dual Agonist ≥98.5% HPLC Purity Lyophilized 5 mg / vial CoA Included Cold Shipped
Purity
≥98.5%
Molecular Weight
4813.5 g/mol
Sequence Length
39 AA
Testing Lab
Freedom Diagnostics
01 Mechanism of Action
Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide that functions as a dual co-agonist at both GIP and GLP-1 receptors — two incretin hormone receptors expressed in the gut, pancreas, adipose tissue, and central nervous system. This dual-receptor activity distinguishes tirzepatide from single-target GLP-1 agonists such as semaglutide.
Upon receptor binding, tirzepatide activates intracellular cAMP-dependent signalling cascades that result in enhanced insulin secretion (glucose-dependent), suppressed glucagon release, delayed gastric emptying, and satiety signalling via hypothalamic pathways. GIP receptor activation additionally modulates lipid metabolism and adipogenesis at the adipocyte level.
The molecule contains a C20 fatty diacid modification at lysine-26, enabling reversible albumin binding that extends plasma half-life to approximately five days, supporting once-weekly dosing intervals in clinical protocols.
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Research Note: The additive contribution of GIP co-agonism to metabolic outcomes versus GLP-1 agonism alone remains an area of active investigation. Head-to-head clinical data indicate meaningfully greater metabolic effects from dual-agonist approaches at comparable doses.
02 Clinical Efficacy Data
The SURMOUNT-1 phase 3 trial (NCT04184622) enrolled 2,539 adults with obesity and evaluated tirzepatide at three dose levels over a 72-week treatment period.
Dose
Mean % Weight Change
Mean Absolute Loss
Responders ≥20%
5 mg / week
−16.0%
~35.5 lbs (16.1 kg)
30%
10 mg / week
−21.4%
~48.9 lbs (22.2 kg)
50%
15 mg / week
−22.5%
~52.0 lbs (23.6 kg)
57%
Placebo
−2.4%
~5.3 lbs (2.4 kg)
3%
Source: SURMOUNT-1 (NCT04184622) — Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022.
Tirzepatide vs. Semaglutide — SURMOUNT-5
// Dual GIP/GLP-1
Tirzepatide
Mean Weight Loss50.3 lbs
% Body Weight20.2%
Waist Reduction7.2 in
Relative Advantage+47%
// GLP-1 Only
Semaglutide
Mean Weight Loss33.1 lbs
% Body Weight13.7%
Waist Reduction5.1 in
Relative Advantage—
Source: SURMOUNT-5 (NCT05822830) — Lincoff et al., NEJM 2025.
03 Observed Research Effects
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal discomfort
Reduced appetite
Fatigue
Dyspepsia / reflux
Injection-site reactions
Alopecia (hair thinning)
Clinically Significant Signals
Acute pancreatitis — Severe, persistent abdominal pain radiating to the back has been reported. Causal relationship not definitively established.
Gallbladder pathology — Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis observed at elevated rates, consistent with rapid weight loss.
Hypoglycaemia risk — Elevated when co-administered with insulin secretagogues.
Thyroid C-cell proliferation — Observed in rodent models at all doses; human relevance uncertain.
Renal function changes — Dehydration secondary to GI effects can impair renal clearance.
Research Use Only. Peplix supplies tirzepatide exclusively for in-vitro laboratory and preclinical research. This data does not constitute medical guidance.
Certificate of Analysis — Full HPLC trace and mass spectrometry data from Freedom Diagnostics is available for every Peplix batch. Contact support@peplix.bio for CoA documentation.
05 Reconstitution Reference
BAC Water Added
Concentration
Vol per 100 µg
Doses / Vial
1.0 mL
5,000 µg/mL
20 µL
50
2.0 mL
2,500 µg/mL
40 µL
50
5.0 mL
1,000 µg/mL
100 µL
50
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Protocol Note: Inject bacteriostatic water slowly along the vial wall — do not inject directly onto the lyophilized cake. Swirl gently; do not vortex. Use the Reconstitution Calculator for precise dose volumes.
06 Research Literature
Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205–216.
Lincoff AM et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023.
Frías JP et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503–515.
Thomas MK et al. Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist — Tirzepatide. Cell Metab. 2021;33(10):1976–1987.
Order Tirzepatide · 5 mg Vial
≥98.5% HPLC purity · CoA from Freedom Diagnostics · Cold shipped · Lot 2603